Overview
Pine Bonsai (Pinus species, including Japanese Black Pine) is a classic needled conifer with rugged bark, strong seasonal technique requirements and iconic bonsai character. It is best suited to traditional bonsai, formal/informal upright, literati and powerful old-tree designs. For UK growers, treat it as: Outdoor only.
Placement
full sun and open airflow
Watering
water thoroughly when the soil begins to dry; excellent drainage is essential
Feeding and fertilising
feed according to development stage, often stronger in development and carefully timed on refined trees
Pruning and wiring
species-specific candle, bud and needle work is needed; avoid cutting into bare old wood without viable buds
Repotting
repot every 3-5 years in early spring, preserving mycorrhiza where possible
Propagation
seed, grafting and nursery material
Pests, diseases and common issues
needle cast, scale, pine sawfly, weak back-budding and root problems from wet soil